Sunday, 1 November 2026 New DelhiLondonNew YorkDubaiTokyo
INDEPENDENT THINKING.
SHARED UNDERSTANDING.International edition · Correspondents across India and around the world
RationalTimes●
A little less noise.
A little more perspective.
Subscribe
BREAKING
TechBinance hack: about $6.4bn stolen and $2.7bn frozen, analysts say MarketsChristine Lagarde to step down as ECB president on 7 February 2027 EuropeSpain observes three days of mourning after the Toledo high-speed train crash UNUN Security Council holds its seventh straw poll for the next Secretary-General IsraelIsrael: near-final count gives Netanyahu’s bloc 53 seats and Eisenkot’s 48; official results on 4 November ClimateCOP31 climate talks open in Antalya, Türkiye, on 9 November USAmericans vote in the midterm elections on 3 November TechnologyNorth Korea-linked hackers steal about $6.4 billion from Binance in the biggest crypto theft on record, analysts say WorldSpain mourns after a high-speed train ploughs into a stationary train near Toledo, killing at least 68 WorldIsrael’s election ends without a clear winner as exit polls leave both blocs short of a majority WorldSaudi Arabia intercepts Houthi missiles and drones as Egypt’s parliament backs military support PoliticsLula wins Brazil’s presidential runoff as Flávio Bolsonaro concedes
Economy · Data to 2023

The largest economies

In current dollars the United States and China are far ahead of everyone else. India's GDP was $3.55 trillion in 2023, about 11 times its 1990 level in nominal terms. Exchange-rate swings move these rankings from year to year.

Latest (2023)$27.4TUnited States
Change on previous▲ 6.3%vs 2022
Data points2046 series
$0$5T$10T$15T$20T$25T$30T1990200020102020United StatesUnited States 1990: $6TUnited States 1991: $6.2TUnited States 1992: $6.5TUnited States 1993: $6.9TUnited States 1994: $7.3TUnited States 1995: $7.6TUnited States 1996: $8.1TUnited States 1997: $8.6TUnited States 1998: $9.1TUnited States 1999: $9.6TUnited States 2000: $10.3TUnited States 2001: $10.6TUnited States 2002: $10.9TUnited States 2003: $11.5TUnited States 2004: $12.2TUnited States 2005: $13TUnited States 2006: $13.8TUnited States 2007: $14.5TUnited States 2008: $14.8TUnited States 2009: $14.5TUnited States 2010: $15TUnited States 2011: $15.6TUnited States 2012: $16.3TUnited States 2013: $16.9TUnited States 2014: $17.6TUnited States 2015: $18.3TUnited States 2016: $18.8TUnited States 2017: $19.6TUnited States 2018: $20.7TUnited States 2019: $21.5TUnited States 2020: $21.3TUnited States 2021: $23.6TUnited States 2022: $25.7TUnited States 2023: $27.4TChinaChina 1990: $360.9BChina 1991: $383.4BChina 1992: $426.9BChina 1993: $444.7BChina 1994: $564.3BChina 1995: $734.5BChina 1996: $863.7BChina 1997: $961.6BChina 1998: $1TChina 1999: $1.1TChina 2000: $1.2TChina 2001: $1.3TChina 2002: $1.5TChina 2003: $1.7TChina 2004: $2TChina 2005: $2.3TChina 2006: $2.8TChina 2007: $3.6TChina 2008: $4.6TChina 2009: $5.1TChina 2010: $6.1TChina 2011: $7.6TChina 2012: $8.5TChina 2013: $9.6TChina 2014: $10.5TChina 2015: $11.1TChina 2016: $11.2TChina 2017: $12.3TChina 2018: $13.9TChina 2019: $14.3TChina 2020: $14.7TChina 2021: $17.8TChina 2022: $17.9TChina 2023: $17.8TGermanyGermany 1990: $1.8TGermany 1991: $1.9TGermany 1992: $2.1TGermany 1993: $2.1TGermany 1994: $2.2TGermany 1995: $2.6TGermany 1996: $2.5TGermany 1997: $2.2TGermany 1998: $2.2TGermany 1999: $2.2TGermany 2000: $1.9TGermany 2001: $1.9TGermany 2002: $2.1TGermany 2003: $2.5TGermany 2004: $2.8TGermany 2005: $2.8TGermany 2006: $3TGermany 2007: $3.4TGermany 2008: $3.7TGermany 2009: $3.4TGermany 2010: $3.4TGermany 2011: $3.7TGermany 2012: $3.5TGermany 2013: $3.7TGermany 2014: $3.9TGermany 2015: $3.4TGermany 2016: $3.5TGermany 2017: $3.7TGermany 2018: $4TGermany 2019: $3.9TGermany 2020: $3.9TGermany 2021: $4.3TGermany 2022: $4.1TGermany 2023: $4.5TJapanJapan 1990: $3.2TJapan 1991: $3.6TJapan 1992: $4TJapan 1993: $4.5TJapan 1994: $5TJapan 1995: $5.5TJapan 1996: $4.9TJapan 1997: $4.5TJapan 1998: $4.1TJapan 1999: $4.6TJapan 2000: $5TJapan 2001: $4.4TJapan 2002: $4.2TJapan 2003: $4.5TJapan 2004: $4.9TJapan 2005: $4.8TJapan 2006: $4.6TJapan 2007: $4.6TJapan 2008: $5.1TJapan 2009: $5.3TJapan 2010: $5.8TJapan 2011: $6.2TJapan 2012: $6.3TJapan 2013: $5.2TJapan 2014: $4.9TJapan 2015: $4.4TJapan 2016: $5TJapan 2017: $4.9TJapan 2018: $5TJapan 2019: $5.1TJapan 2020: $5.1TJapan 2021: $5TJapan 2022: $4.3TJapan 2023: $4.2TIndiaIndia 1990: $321BIndia 1991: $270.1BIndia 1992: $288.2BIndia 1993: $279.3BIndia 1994: $327.3BIndia 1995: $360.3BIndia 1996: $392.9BIndia 1997: $415.9BIndia 1998: $421.4BIndia 1999: $458.8BIndia 2000: $468.4BIndia 2001: $485.4BIndia 2002: $514.9BIndia 2003: $607.7BIndia 2004: $709.2BIndia 2005: $820.4BIndia 2006: $940.3BIndia 2007: $1.2TIndia 2008: $1.2TIndia 2009: $1.3TIndia 2010: $1.7TIndia 2011: $1.8TIndia 2012: $1.8TIndia 2013: $1.9TIndia 2014: $2TIndia 2015: $2.1TIndia 2016: $2.3TIndia 2017: $2.7TIndia 2018: $2.7TIndia 2019: $2.8TIndia 2020: $2.7TIndia 2021: $3.2TIndia 2022: $3.4TIndia 2023: $3.5TUnited KingdomUnited Kingdom 1990: $1.1TUnited Kingdom 1991: $1.1TUnited Kingdom 1992: $1.2TUnited Kingdom 1993: $1.1TUnited Kingdom 1994: $1.1TUnited Kingdom 1995: $1.3TUnited Kingdom 1996: $1.4TUnited Kingdom 1997: $1.6TUnited Kingdom 1998: $1.7TUnited Kingdom 1999: $1.7TUnited Kingdom 2000: $1.7TUnited Kingdom 2001: $1.6TUnited Kingdom 2002: $1.8TUnited Kingdom 2003: $2.1TUnited Kingdom 2004: $2.4TUnited Kingdom 2005: $2.5TUnited Kingdom 2006: $2.7TUnited Kingdom 2007: $3.1TUnited Kingdom 2008: $2.9TUnited Kingdom 2009: $2.4TUnited Kingdom 2010: $2.5TUnited Kingdom 2011: $2.7TUnited Kingdom 2012: $2.7TUnited Kingdom 2013: $2.8TUnited Kingdom 2014: $3.1TUnited Kingdom 2015: $2.9TUnited Kingdom 2016: $2.7TUnited Kingdom 2017: $2.7TUnited Kingdom 2018: $2.9TUnited Kingdom 2019: $2.9TUnited Kingdom 2020: $2.7TUnited Kingdom 2021: $3.1TUnited Kingdom 2022: $3.1TUnited Kingdom 2023: $3.3T$0$10T$20T$30T1990200020102020United StatesUnited States 1990: $6TUnited States 1991: $6.2TUnited States 1992: $6.5TUnited States 1993: $6.9TUnited States 1994: $7.3TUnited States 1995: $7.6TUnited States 1996: $8.1TUnited States 1997: $8.6TUnited States 1998: $9.1TUnited States 1999: $9.6TUnited States 2000: $10.3TUnited States 2001: $10.6TUnited States 2002: $10.9TUnited States 2003: $11.5TUnited States 2004: $12.2TUnited States 2005: $13TUnited States 2006: $13.8TUnited States 2007: $14.5TUnited States 2008: $14.8TUnited States 2009: $14.5TUnited States 2010: $15TUnited States 2011: $15.6TUnited States 2012: $16.3TUnited States 2013: $16.9TUnited States 2014: $17.6TUnited States 2015: $18.3TUnited States 2016: $18.8TUnited States 2017: $19.6TUnited States 2018: $20.7TUnited States 2019: $21.5TUnited States 2020: $21.3TUnited States 2021: $23.6TUnited States 2022: $25.7TUnited States 2023: $27.4TChinaChina 1990: $360.9BChina 1991: $383.4BChina 1992: $426.9BChina 1993: $444.7BChina 1994: $564.3BChina 1995: $734.5BChina 1996: $863.7BChina 1997: $961.6BChina 1998: $1TChina 1999: $1.1TChina 2000: $1.2TChina 2001: $1.3TChina 2002: $1.5TChina 2003: $1.7TChina 2004: $2TChina 2005: $2.3TChina 2006: $2.8TChina 2007: $3.6TChina 2008: $4.6TChina 2009: $5.1TChina 2010: $6.1TChina 2011: $7.6TChina 2012: $8.5TChina 2013: $9.6TChina 2014: $10.5TChina 2015: $11.1TChina 2016: $11.2TChina 2017: $12.3TChina 2018: $13.9TChina 2019: $14.3TChina 2020: $14.7TChina 2021: $17.8TChina 2022: $17.9TChina 2023: $17.8TGermanyGermany 1990: $1.8TGermany 1991: $1.9TGermany 1992: $2.1TGermany 1993: $2.1TGermany 1994: $2.2TGermany 1995: $2.6TGermany 1996: $2.5TGermany 1997: $2.2TGermany 1998: $2.2TGermany 1999: $2.2TGermany 2000: $1.9TGermany 2001: $1.9TGermany 2002: $2.1TGermany 2003: $2.5TGermany 2004: $2.8TGermany 2005: $2.8TGermany 2006: $3TGermany 2007: $3.4TGermany 2008: $3.7TGermany 2009: $3.4TGermany 2010: $3.4TGermany 2011: $3.7TGermany 2012: $3.5TGermany 2013: $3.7TGermany 2014: $3.9TGermany 2015: $3.4TGermany 2016: $3.5TGermany 2017: $3.7TGermany 2018: $4TGermany 2019: $3.9TGermany 2020: $3.9TGermany 2021: $4.3TGermany 2022: $4.1TGermany 2023: $4.5TJapanJapan 1990: $3.2TJapan 1991: $3.6TJapan 1992: $4TJapan 1993: $4.5TJapan 1994: $5TJapan 1995: $5.5TJapan 1996: $4.9TJapan 1997: $4.5TJapan 1998: $4.1TJapan 1999: $4.6TJapan 2000: $5TJapan 2001: $4.4TJapan 2002: $4.2TJapan 2003: $4.5TJapan 2004: $4.9TJapan 2005: $4.8TJapan 2006: $4.6TJapan 2007: $4.6TJapan 2008: $5.1TJapan 2009: $5.3TJapan 2010: $5.8TJapan 2011: $6.2TJapan 2012: $6.3TJapan 2013: $5.2TJapan 2014: $4.9TJapan 2015: $4.4TJapan 2016: $5TJapan 2017: $4.9TJapan 2018: $5TJapan 2019: $5.1TJapan 2020: $5.1TJapan 2021: $5TJapan 2022: $4.3TJapan 2023: $4.2TIndiaIndia 1990: $321BIndia 1991: $270.1BIndia 1992: $288.2BIndia 1993: $279.3BIndia 1994: $327.3BIndia 1995: $360.3BIndia 1996: $392.9BIndia 1997: $415.9BIndia 1998: $421.4BIndia 1999: $458.8BIndia 2000: $468.4BIndia 2001: $485.4BIndia 2002: $514.9BIndia 2003: $607.7BIndia 2004: $709.2BIndia 2005: $820.4BIndia 2006: $940.3BIndia 2007: $1.2TIndia 2008: $1.2TIndia 2009: $1.3TIndia 2010: $1.7TIndia 2011: $1.8TIndia 2012: $1.8TIndia 2013: $1.9TIndia 2014: $2TIndia 2015: $2.1TIndia 2016: $2.3TIndia 2017: $2.7TIndia 2018: $2.7TIndia 2019: $2.8TIndia 2020: $2.7TIndia 2021: $3.2TIndia 2022: $3.4TIndia 2023: $3.5TUnited KingdomUnited Kingdom 1990: $1.1TUnited Kingdom 1991: $1.1TUnited Kingdom 1992: $1.2TUnited Kingdom 1993: $1.1TUnited Kingdom 1994: $1.1TUnited Kingdom 1995: $1.3TUnited Kingdom 1996: $1.4TUnited Kingdom 1997: $1.6TUnited Kingdom 1998: $1.7TUnited Kingdom 1999: $1.7TUnited Kingdom 2000: $1.7TUnited Kingdom 2001: $1.6TUnited Kingdom 2002: $1.8TUnited Kingdom 2003: $2.1TUnited Kingdom 2004: $2.4TUnited Kingdom 2005: $2.5TUnited Kingdom 2006: $2.7TUnited Kingdom 2007: $3.1TUnited Kingdom 2008: $2.9TUnited Kingdom 2009: $2.4TUnited Kingdom 2010: $2.5TUnited Kingdom 2011: $2.7TUnited Kingdom 2012: $2.7TUnited Kingdom 2013: $2.8TUnited Kingdom 2014: $3.1TUnited Kingdom 2015: $2.9TUnited Kingdom 2016: $2.7TUnited Kingdom 2017: $2.7TUnited Kingdom 2018: $2.9TUnited Kingdom 2019: $2.9TUnited Kingdom 2020: $2.7TUnited Kingdom 2021: $3.1TUnited Kingdom 2022: $3.1TUnited Kingdom 2023: $3.3T
United StatesChinaGermanyJapanIndiaUnited Kingdom

Unit: US dollars · Hover or tap points for values.

Show the numbers
PeriodUnited StatesChinaGermanyJapanIndiaUnited Kingdom
202327,360,935,000,00017,794,781,986,1044,456,081,016,7064,212,945,159,7813,549,918,918,7783,340,032,380,668
202225,744,108,000,00017,881,783,387,0014,082,469,490,7984,256,410,760,7243,353,470,496,8863,088,839,763,445
202123,594,031,000,00017,820,459,508,8524,278,503,934,6905,034,620,784,5853,167,270,623,2613,141,506,156,619
202021,322,950,000,00014,687,744,162,8013,887,727,161,9145,055,587,093,5022,674,851,578,5872,697,806,592,294
201921,521,395,000,00014,279,968,506,2723,889,177,589,2555,117,993,853,0172,835,606,256,5592,851,407,164,908
201820,656,516,000,00013,894,907,857,8813,974,443,355,0205,040,880,939,3252,702,929,641,6482,871,340,347,582
201719,612,102,000,00012,310,491,333,9813,690,849,152,5184,930,837,369,1512,651,474,262,7562,680,148,052,335
201618,804,913,000,00011,233,313,730,3493,469,853,463,9465,003,677,627,5442,294,796,885,6642,689,106,566,900
201518,295,019,000,00011,061,572,618,5793,357,585,719,3524,444,930,651,9642,103,588,360,0442,927,911,140,917
201417,608,138,000,00010,475,624,944,3553,889,093,051,0244,896,994,405,3532,039,126,479,1553,064,708,247,921
201316,880,683,000,0009,570,471,111,8323,733,804,649,5495,212,328,181,1661,856,721,507,6212,784,853,502,534
201216,253,970,000,0008,532,185,381,6813,527,143,188,7856,272,362,996,1051,827,637,590,4112,707,089,726,615
201115,599,732,000,0007,551,545,703,4413,749,314,991,0516,233,147,172,3411,823,051,829,8952,663,805,834,828
201015,048,971,000,0006,087,191,746,6793,399,667,820,0005,759,071,769,0131,675,615,519,4852,485,482,596,185
200914,478,067,000,0005,101,691,124,2853,411,261,212,6525,289,493,117,9941,341,888,016,9952,412,840,006,232
200814,769,862,000,0004,594,336,785,7383,745,264,093,6175,106,679,115,1271,198,895,139,0062,929,411,764,706
200714,474,228,000,0003,550,327,802,9983,425,578,382,9224,579,750,920,3551,216,736,438,8353,090,510,204,082
200613,815,583,000,0002,752,118,657,1842,994,703,642,0244,601,663,122,650940,259,888,7882,708,441,582,337
200513,039,197,000,0002,285,961,149,8802,846,864,211,1754,831,467,035,390820,383,763,5112,543,180,000,000
200412,217,196,000,0001,955,346,768,7212,814,353,869,3594,893,116,005,657709,152,728,8312,421,525,082,387
200311,456,450,000,0001,660,280,543,8472,501,640,388,4824,519,561,645,254607,700,687,2372,054,422,857,143
200210,929,108,000,0001,470,557,654,8002,078,484,517,4754,182,846,045,874514,939,140,3191,785,729,916,067
200110,581,929,000,0001,339,400,897,1051,945,790,973,8034,374,711,694,091485,440,139,2041,649,827,263,567
200010,250,952,000,0001,211,331,651,8661,947,981,991,0124,968,359,075,957468,395,521,6541,665,534,876,683
19999,631,172,000,0001,094,003,874,9372,194,945,278,8734,635,982,224,064458,821,052,6161,687,830,448,148
19989,062,817,000,0001,029,060,747,6212,238,990,774,7034,098,362,709,531421,351,317,2251,653,694,932,097
19978,577,552,000,000961,601,980,9852,211,989,623,2804,492,448,605,639415,867,563,5931,560,911,918,795
19968,073,122,000,000863,749,314,7192,497,244,606,1874,923,391,533,852392,896,866,2051,419,645,865,835
19957,639,749,000,000734,484,834,5742,585,792,275,1475,545,563,663,890360,281,909,6431,344,240,176,740
19947,287,236,000,000564,321,854,5212,205,074,123,1774,998,797,547,741327,274,843,4591,140,489,745,944
19936,858,559,000,000444,731,282,4362,071,323,790,3704,536,940,479,038279,295,648,9831,061,388,722,256
19926,520,327,000,000426,915,712,7162,131,571,696,9323,980,702,922,118288,208,070,2781,179,659,529,660
19916,158,129,000,000383,373,318,0841,868,945,197,4073,648,065,760,649270,105,341,8791,142,797,178,131
19905,963,144,000,000360,857,912,5661,771,671,206,8763,185,904,656,664320,979,026,4201,093,169,389,205